本文按原始分类简单解释这些参数的含义。
一、基本信息
C:\Program Files\Geth>geth --help
NAME:
geth.exe - the go-ethereum command line interface
Copyright 2013-2019 The go-ethereum Authors
USAGE: //命令方法
geth.exe [options] command [command options] [arguments...]
geth.exe [选项] 命令 [命令选项] [参数…]
VERSION:
1.9.14-stable-6d74d1e5 //版本信息
.......................................................//后面逐段解释
COPYRIGHT:
Copyright 2013-2020 The go-ethereum Authors //版权信息
C:\Program Files\Geth>
二、命令
COMMANDS:
account Manage accounts
//管理账号
attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
//启动交互式JavaScript环境（连接到节点）
console Start an interactive JavaScript environment
//启动交互式JavaScript环境
copydb Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder
//从目标链数据文件夹创建本地链
dump Dump a specific block from storage
//分析（转储）一个特定块
dumpconfig Show configuration values
//显示配置值
dumpgenesis Dumps genesis block JSON configuration to stdout
//将创世块JSON配置转储到stdout
export Export blockchain into file
//导出区块链到文件
export-preimages Export the preimage database into an RLP stream
//将preimage数据库导出到RLP流
import Import a blockchain file
//从文件导入区块链
import-preimages Import the preimage database from an RLP stream
//从RLP流导入preimage数据库
init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
//初始化一个新的创世区块
inspect Inspect the storage size for each type of data in the database
//检查数据库中每种类型数据的存储大小
js Execute the specified JavaScript files
//执行指定的js文件
license Display license information
//显示许可证信息
makecache Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
//生成ethash验证缓存（用于测试）
makedag Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
//生成ethash挖矿DAG（用于测试）
removedb Remove blockchain and state databases
//删除区块链和状态数据库
retesteth Launches geth in retesteth mode
//以retesteth 模式启动geth
show-deprecated-flags Show flags that have been deprecated
//显示已弃用的标志
version Print version numbers
//版本号信息
wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets
//管理以太坊钱包
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
//帮助，显示命令列表
三、ETHEREUM选项
ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
--config value TOML configuration file
//TOML配置文件
--datadir value Data directory for the databases and keystore (default: "C:\\Users\\administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Ethereum")
//节点数据库及keystore账户的数据目录
--datadir.ancient value Data directory for ancient chain segments (default = inside chaindata)
//古老链段的数据目录（默认值 = 内部链数据）
--keystore value Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
//keystore账户的目录（默认值 = 在datadir中）
--nousb Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
//禁用监控和管理USB硬件钱包
--pcscdpath value Path to the smartcard daemon (pcscd) socket file
//智能卡守护程序文件的路径
--networkid value Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby, 5=Görli) (default: 1)
//网络号（整数，默认值：1）
--goerli Görli network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
//Górli网络：预先配置的POA测试网络
--rinkeby Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
//Rinkeby网络：预先配置的POA测试网络
--ropsten Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network
//Ropsten 网络：预先配置的POW测试网络
--syncmode value Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light") (default: fast)
//区块链同步模式（“快速”、“完全”或“轻”节点）（默认：快速）
--exitwhensynced Exits after block synchronisation completes
//块同步完成后退出
--gcmode value Blockchain garbage collection mode ("full", "archive") (default: "full")
//区块链垃圾收集模式（“完全”，“存档”）（默认：“完全”）
--txlookuplimit value Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index by-hash for (default = index all blocks) (default: 0)
//最近区块按哈希维护交易索引（默认 = 索引所有区块）（默认值：0）
--ethstats value Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
//ethstats服务的报告URL(节点名：secret@host：端口）
--identity value Custom node name
//自定义节点名
--lightkdf Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
//在KDF强度消费时降低key-derivation的RAM和CPU使用
--whitelist value Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to enforce (<number>=<hash>)
//白名单，强制分隔块号到哈希的映射
四、轻客户端选项
LIGHT CLIENT OPTIONS:
--light.serve value Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (multi-threaded processing allows values over 100) (default: 0)
//允许LES请求时间最大百分比（多线程处理允许值超过100）（默认值：0）
--light.ingress value Incoming bandwidth limit for serving light clients (kilobytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 0)
//为轻型客户端提供服务的传入带宽限制（千字节/秒，0 = 无限制）（默认值：0）
--light.egress value Outgoing bandwidth limit for serving light clients (kilobytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 0)
//为轻型客户端提供服务的传出带宽限制（千字节/秒，0 = 无限制）（默认值：0）
--light.maxpeers value Maximum number of light clients to serve, or light servers to attach to (default: 100)
//要服务的轻型客户端或要attach的轻型服务器的最大数量（默认值：100）
--ulc.servers value List of trusted ultra-light servers
//受信任的超轻型服务器列表
--ulc.fraction value Minimum % of trusted ultra-light servers required to announce a new head (default: 75)
//受信任超轻型服务器的最小百分比（默认值：75）
--ulc.onlyannounce Ultra light server sends announcements only
//超轻型服务器仅发送公告
五、开发者（模式）选项
DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS:
--dev Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled
//使用POA共识网络，默认预分配一个开发者帐户，并且自动开启挖矿
--dev.period value Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending) (default: 0)
//开发者模式下的挖矿周期（0 = 仅在有等待打包的交易时挖矿）（默认值：0）
六、ETHASH选项
ETHASH OPTIONS:
--ethash.cachedir value Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)
//ethash验证缓存目录(默认 = datadir目录内)
--ethash.cachesinmem value Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2)
//在内存保存的最近的ethash缓存个数 (每个缓存16MB ) (默认: 2)
--ethash.cachesondisk value Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3)
//在磁盘保存的最近的ethash缓存个数 (每个缓存16MB) (默认: 3)
--ethash.cacheslockmmap Lock memory maps of recent ethash caches
//锁定最近ethash缓存的内存映射
--ethash.dagdir value Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default: "C:\\Users\\administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Ethash")
//保存ethash DAGs目录 (默认 = 用户home目录)
--ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
//在内存保存的最近的ethash DAGs 个数 (每个1GB以上) (默认: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
//在磁盘保存的最近的ethash DAGs 个数 (每个1GB以上) (默认: 2)
--ethash.dagslockmmap Lock memory maps for recent ethash mining DAGs
//锁定最近ethash DAGs的内存映射
七、交易池选项
TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS:
--txpool.locals value Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush, priority inclusion)
//将分隔的帐户视为本地帐户（无刷新、优先）
--txpool.nolocals Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
//为本地提交交易禁用价格豁免
--txpool.journal value Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
//本地交易的磁盘日志：用于节点重启 (默认: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
//重新生成本地交易日志的时间间隔 (默认: 1小时)
--txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
//加入交易池的最小的gas价格限制(默认: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
//价格波动百分比（相对之前已有交易） (默认: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
//每个帐户保证可执行的最少交易槽数量 (默认: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
//所有帐户可执行的最大交易槽数量 (默认: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
//每个帐户允许的最多非可执行交易槽数量 (默认: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024)
//所有帐户非可执行交易最大槽数量 (默认: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)
//非可执行交易最大入队时间(默认: 3小时)
八、性能调优选项
PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS:
--cache value Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (default = 4096 mainnet full node, 128 light mode) (default: 1024)
//分配给内部缓存的内存的兆字节 (默认值为: 1024)
--cache.database value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for database io (default: 50)
//用于数据库io的缓存内存预留百分比 (默认值为: 50)
--cache.trie value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie caching (default = 15% full mode, 30% archive mode) (default: 15)
//用于trie缓存的缓存内存预留百分比 (默认值为: 15)
--cache.gc value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pruning (default = 25% full mode, 0% archive mode) (default: 25)
//用于trie修剪的缓存内存预留百分比 (默认值为:25)
--cache.snapshot value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for snapshot caching (default = 10% full mode, 20% archive mode) (default: 10)
//用于snapshot缓存的缓存内存预留百分比 (默认值为:10)
--cache.noprefetch Disable heuristic state prefetch during block import (less CPU and disk IO, more time waiting for data)
//块导入期间禁用启发式状态预取（CPU和磁盘IO更少，等待数据的时间更长）
九、账户选项
ACCOUNT OPTIONS:
--unlock value Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
//用逗号分割需解锁账户
--password value Password file to use for non-interactive password input
//用于非交互式密码输入的密码文件
--signer value External signer (url or path to ipc file)
//外部签名者（ipc文件的url或路径）
--allow-insecure-unlock Allow insecure account unlocking when account-related RPCs are exposed by http
//http公开与帐户相关的rpc时，允许不安全的帐户解锁
十、API和控制台选项
API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
--ipcdisable Disable the IPC-RPC server
//禁用IPC-RPC服务
--ipcpath value Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
//包含在datadir里的IPC socket/pipe文件名(转义过的显式路径)
--http Enable the HTTP-RPC server
//启用HTTP-RPC服务
--http.addr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
//HTTP-RPC服务侦听接口（IP地址，默认值："localhost"）
--http.port value HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
//HTTP-RPC服务侦听端口（默认值：8545）
--http.api value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
//通过HTTP-RPC接口提供API
--http.corsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
//允许跨域请求的逗号分隔域名列表(浏览器强制)
--http.vhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
//接受请求的虚拟主机名的逗号分隔列表(服务器强制)。接受“*”通配符。（默认值：“localhost”）
--ws Enable the WS-RPC server
//启用WS-RPC服务
--ws.addr value WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
//WS-RPC服务侦听接口（默认值："localhost"）
--ws.port value WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
//WS-RPC服务侦听端口（默认值：8546）
--ws.api value API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
//通过WS-RPC接口提供API
--ws.origins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests
//websockets请求允许的源
--graphql Enable the GraphQL server
//启动GraphQL服务
--graphql.addr value GraphQL server listening interface (default: "localhost")
//GraphQL服务侦听接口（默认值："localhost"）
--graphql.port value GraphQL server listening port (default: 8547)
//GraphQL服务侦听端口（默认值：8546）
--graphql.corsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
//允许跨域请求的逗号分隔域名列表(浏览器强制)
--graphql.vhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
//接受请求的虚拟主机名的逗号分隔列表(服务器强制)。接受“*”通配符。（默认值：“localhost”）
--rpc.gascap value Sets a cap on gas that can be used in eth_call/estimateGas (default: 0)
//设置可在eth_call/estimateGas中使用的gas费上限（默认值：0）
--jspath loadScript JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
//JavaScript加载脚本的根路径 (default: ".")
--exec value Execute JavaScript statement
//执行JavaScript语句(需要结合console/attach命令一起使用)
--preload value Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
//预加载到控制台的逗号分隔的JavaScript文件列表
十一、网络选项
NETWORKING OPTIONS:
--bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap
//用于P2P发现bootstrap的逗号分隔的enode url
--bootnodesv4 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes) (deprecated, use --bootnodes)
//用于P2P v4发现bootstrap的逗号分隔的enode url(轻服务器, 全节点)
--bootnodesv5 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes) (deprecated, use --bootnodes)
//用于P2P v5发现bootstrap的逗号分隔的enode url(轻服务器, 轻节点)
--discovery.dns value Sets DNS discovery entry points (use "" to disable DNS)
//设置DNS发现入口点（使用“”禁用DNS）
--port value Network listening port (default: 30303)
//网卡监听端口(默认值:30303)
--maxpeers value Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 50)
//最大的网络节点数量(如果设置为0，网络将被禁用)(默认值：50)
--maxpendpeers value Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
//最大尝试连接的数量(如果设置为0，则将使用默认值)(默认值：0)
--nat value NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any")
//NAT端口映射机制 (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>)(默认值: "any")
--nodiscover Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
//禁用节点发现机制(手动添加节点)
--v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
//启用实验性的RLPx V5(Topic发现)机制
--netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
//限制对给定IP网络的网络通信(CIDR掩码)
--nodekey value P2P node key file
//P2P节点密钥文件
--nodekeyhex value P2P node key as hex (for testing)
//十六进制的P2P节点密钥(用于测试)
十二、矿工选项
MINER OPTIONS:
--mine Enable mining
//启动挖矿
--miner.threads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 0)
//挖矿使用的CPU线程数量(默认值：0)
--miner.notify value Comma separated HTTP URL list to notify of new work packages
//逗号分隔的HTTP URL列表，用于通知新工作包
--miner.gasprice value Minimum gas price for mining a transaction (default: 1000000000)
//挖矿交易的最低gas价格
--miner.gastarget value Target gas floor for mined blocks (default: 8000000)
//被挖区块的目标gas的底层(默认值: 8000000)，即被记录的区块提供的gas要高于该值，否则不会被记录
--miner.gaslimit value Target gas ceiling for mined blocks (default: 8000000)
//被挖区块的目标gas的顶层(默认值: 8000000)，即被记录的区块提供的gas要低于该值，否则不会被记录
--miner.etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account) (default: "0")
//挖矿奖励地址(默认 = 第一个创建的帐户)(默认值: "0")
--miner.extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)
//矿工设置的额外块数据(默认值 = 客户端版本)
--miner.recommit value Time interval to recreate the block being mined (default: 3s)
//重新创建正在挖的块的时间间隔(默认值: 3s)
--miner.noverify Disable remote sealing verification
//禁用远程密封验证
十三、GAS价格选项
GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
--gpo.blocks value Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 20)
//用于检查gas价格的最近生成的块的个数 (默认值: 20)
--gpo.percentile value Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 60)
//建议的gas价格是一组最近的交易gas价格的该给定百分比的值(default: 60)
十四、虚拟机选项
VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
--vmdebug Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
//记录VM及合约调试的有用信息
--vm.evm value External EVM configuration (default = built-in interpreter)
//外部EVM配置(默认 = 内置解释器)
--vm.ewasm value External ewasm configuration (default = built-in interpreter)
//外部ewasm配置(默认 = 内置解释器)
十五、日志和调试选项
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
--fakepow Disables proof-of-work verification
//禁用proof-of-work验证
--nocompaction Disables db compaction after import
//在导入后禁用db压缩
--verbosity value Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
//日志详细度:0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (默认值: 3)
--vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/=5,p2p=4)
//每个模块详细度:以 <pattern>=<level>的逗号分隔列表 (比如 eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
//请求特定日志记录堆栈跟踪 (比如： "block.go:271")
--debug Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number)
//带有调用站点位置(文件和行号)的日志消息
--pprof Enable the pprof HTTP server
//启用pprof HTTP服务器
--pprof.addr value pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
//pprof HTTP服务器监听接口 (默认值: "127.0.0.1")
--pprof.port value pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
//pprof HTTP服务器监听端口 (默认值: 6060)
--pprof.memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
//按该给定频率打开memory profiling(默认值: 524288)
--pprof.blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
//按指定频率打开block profiling (默认值: 0)
--pprof.cpuprofile value Write CPU profile to the given file
//将CPU profile写入指定文件
--trace value Write execution trace to the given file
//将execution trace写入指定文件
十六、METRICS和状态选项
METRICS AND STATS OPTIONS:
--metrics Enable metrics collection and reporting
//启用标准metrics收集和报告
--metrics.expensive Enable expensive metrics collection and reporting
//启用昂贵metrics指标收集和报告
--metrics.influxdb Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB database
//启用metrics导出/推送到外部的InfluxDB数据库
--metrics.influxdb.endpoint value InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to (default: "http://localhost:8086")
//将metrics报告给InfluxDB数据库API端点(默认值: "http://localhost:8086")
--metrics.influxdb.database value InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to (default: "geth")
//将报告的metrics推送到的InfluxDB数据库的名称(默认值: "geth")
--metrics.influxdb.username value Username to authorize access to the database (default: "test")
//授权访问数据库的用户名 (默认值: "test")
--metrics.influxdb.password value Password to authorize access to the database (default: "test")
//授权访问数据库的密码 (默认值: "test")
--metrics.influxdb.tags value Comma-separated InfluxDB tags (key/values) attached to all measurements (default: "host=localhost")
//连接到所有测量值的InfluxDB数据库主机标记(默认值: "localhost")
十七、WHISPER (实验)选项
WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS:
--shh Enable Whisper
//启用Whisper
--shh.maxmessagesize value Max message size accepted (default: 1048576)
//可接受的最大的消息大小 (default: 1048576)
--shh.pow value Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2)
//可接受的最小的POW (default: 0.2)
--shh.restrict-light Restrict connection between two whisper light clients
//限制两个Whisper客户端之间的连接
./build/bin/geth --datadir ../privateChain --networkid 6668 --nodiscover --dev --dev.period 1 console 2
./build/bin/geth --datadir ../privateChain --networkid 6668 --nodiscover --dev --dev.period 1 console 2>>geth.log